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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I thought some of you would find this interesting…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Energy Markets & Policy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory <emp@newsletter.lbl.gov><br>
<b>Date: </b>Wednesday, September 18, 2024 at 8:03</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">AM<br>
<b>To: </b>Sarah Kurtz <skurtz@ucmerced.edu><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Berkeley lab and NREL study examines high levels of solar and storage in the Southeast<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:19.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#397B9F">Berkeley lab and NREL study examines high levels of solar and storage in the Southeast</span><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#397B9F">
<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Solar energy has the potential to be a core energy resource in the Southeastern U.S., especially when combined with investments in electricity storage. Currently,
solar photovoltaic (PV) generation contributes less than 5% of the region’s electricity, but some utilities in the Southeast are exploring resource planning scenarios in which solar PV accounts for as much as 40% to 45% of generation by the mid-2030s to 2040s,
accompanied by gigawatt (GW) scale investments in electricity storage. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">To better understand the impact of increased levels of solar and storage in the Southeast, a new Berkeley Lab and the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) report,
<a href="https://e9z76zqab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001zm0E1jn7nFFfPJQJsVKZ2JqwjyKgHkfMiQw57fb0HeVr8Yr2rpzFYzJ5n7O1mWDc-RVLqL3bAet3wz2v6Qt7obXhIasHTpGWw5wWqGbmEDjq9Jgt1KF1S9DlnpsUBzXLJkfG1JmJcXakqtiZFJDPiSxuiJH18rOseXWpkKE9UnDK0PliGo_WE2P1nAEFvFts00sxkhVBhIY=&c=4YmmnLt9yRaNTJ7HD_k4mP1NnVeDeSGBquXc_xGKzbN6WHu6yUufAA==&ch=rDrMD-Z6-oMEXd0LUMg3UmTtsrsWpu065YhautCiiQPXS16VKQHaUw==" target="_blank">
<b><i><span style="color:#397B9F">Solar and Storage Integration in the Southeastern United States: Economics, Reliability and Operations</span></i></b></a><i>
</i>analyzes how higher levels of solar PV (27%-43% of total generation capacity) and electricity storage (13%-49% of peak load) would affect electricity system reliability, costs, and operations across the region in 2035. The study also evaluates the benefits
of operational coordination among utilities through more efficient regional dispatch and reserve sharing, at different levels of solar and storage. The study focuses on five balancing regions that cover Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee, and parts of Mississippi and Missouri.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Join Berkeley Lab experts and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office to learn more about
<a href="https://e9z76zqab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001zm0E1jn7nFFfPJQJsVKZ2JqwjyKgHkfMiQw57fb0HeVr8Yr2rpzFYzJ5n7O1mWDc-RVLqL3bAet3wz2v6Qt7obXhIasHTpGWw5wWqGbmEDjq9Jgt1KF1S9DlnpsUBzXLJkfG1JmJcXakqtiZFJDPiSxuiJH18rOseXWpkKE9UnDK0PliGo_WE2P1nAEFvFts00sxkhVBhIY=&c=4YmmnLt9yRaNTJ7HD_k4mP1NnVeDeSGBquXc_xGKzbN6WHu6yUufAA==&ch=rDrMD-Z6-oMEXd0LUMg3UmTtsrsWpu065YhautCiiQPXS16VKQHaUw==" target="_blank">
<b><span style="color:#397B9F">the report</span></b></a><a href="https://e9z76zqab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001zm0E1jn7nFFfPJQJsVKZ2JqwjyKgHkfMiQw57fb0HeVr8Yr2rpzFYzJ5n7O1mWDc-RVLqL3bAet3wz2v6Qt7obXhIasHTpGWw5wWqGbmEDjq9Jgt1KF1S9DlnpsUBzXLJkfG1JmJcXakqtiZFJDPiSxuiJH18rOseXWpkKE9UnDK0PliGo_WE2P1nAEFvFts00sxkhVBhIY=&c=4YmmnLt9yRaNTJ7HD_k4mP1NnVeDeSGBquXc_xGKzbN6WHu6yUufAA==&ch=rDrMD-Z6-oMEXd0LUMg3UmTtsrsWpu065YhautCiiQPXS16VKQHaUw==" target="_blank"><b><span style="color:#397B9F"> </span></b></a>during
a free webinar on October 3rd at 10:00 am Pacific/1:00 pm Eastern. Presenters include:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#090C0F;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Ammar </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#202124">Qusaibaty</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">, U.S. Department of Energy, Solar
Energy Technologies Office <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#090C0F;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Fritz Kahrl, Berkeley Lab affiliate<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Register for the webinar at
<a href="https://e9z76zqab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001zm0E1jn7nFFfPJQJsVKZ2JqwjyKgHkfMiQw57fb0HeVr8Yr2rpzFYzJ5n7O1mWDcy8UXtevCtb4xXKSdQMcHQXfDx-nh1Vf7TvLhhbZR3wdeVj9dYSq5CoE2XglaVeAmQciVfUib9Jg3XWpfpbQ8sOdOQ8s_5HSJwHlCcIrC6kKPMVTBKaSHL6TkPLjBSgSIqpeWzuO7NsaL6e0pqMZiRQ==&c=4YmmnLt9yRaNTJ7HD_k4mP1NnVeDeSGBquXc_xGKzbN6WHu6yUufAA==&ch=rDrMD-Z6-oMEXd0LUMg3UmTtsrsWpu065YhautCiiQPXS16VKQHaUw==" target="_blank">
<b><span style="color:#397B9F">https://lbnl.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_x6Fdz8CjR3i1Df1HuvG95Q</span></b></a>.
</span><span class="ql-cursor"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">The report and resource portfolios developed for the analysis
are available at <a href="https://e9z76zqab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001zm0E1jn7nFFfPJQJsVKZ2JqwjyKgHkfMiQw57fb0HeVr8Yr2rpzFYzJ5n7O1mWDc-RVLqL3bAet3wz2v6Qt7obXhIasHTpGWw5wWqGbmEDjq9Jgt1KF1S9DlnpsUBzXLJkfG1JmJcXakqtiZFJDPiSxuiJH18rOseXWpkKE9UnDK0PliGo_WE2P1nAEFvFts00sxkhVBhIY=&c=4YmmnLt9yRaNTJ7HD_k4mP1NnVeDeSGBquXc_xGKzbN6WHu6yUufAA==&ch=rDrMD-Z6-oMEXd0LUMg3UmTtsrsWpu065YhautCiiQPXS16VKQHaUw==" target="_blank">
<b><span style="color:#397B9F">https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/solar-and-storage-integration</span></b></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Key findings include:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><b><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Higher solar and storage systems operated reliably</span></i></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">. Detailed operational
(day-ahead and real-time) modeling of a range of higher solar and storage resource portfolios did not result in significant reliability issues in the Southeast, measured in terms of lost load and reserve shortages. However, the nature and timing of operating
challenges changed with different levels of solar and storage – for instance, in a few cases reserve shortfalls occurred in the early morning hours following low solar days. Some of these new challenges could be addressed through demand-side flexibility and
changes in operating practices, including how storage is operated and a shift from hourly to sub-hourly day-ahead scheduling.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><b><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Operational coordination lowered costs and emissions and improved reliability</span></i></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">.
Higher levels of operational coordination, through more efficient regional dispatch and reserve sharing, was not necessary to reliably operate higher solar and storage electricity systems in the Southeast. But more efficient regional dispatch reduced production
costs by 1%-2% and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 3%-7% in the Southeast and its neighboring regions. Reserve sharing in the Southeast reduced day-ahead reserves by 5%-23% and often reduced reserve violations. The Southeast and its neighbors were highly interactive,
suggesting that it will be important for utilities in the Southeast to account for how resource mixes in these other regions are changing in their resource planning, transmission planning, and operations.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><b><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Solar and storage were economically and operationally interdependent.
</span></i></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">The close relationship between solar and storage could be clearly seen in dispatch results. In the medium and higher solar scenarios, most (42%-63%) incremental solar
generation was stored and time shifted to evening and morning hours rather than used to meet load when solar was available (see figure). Storage operations, in turn, followed the solar cycle, charging during the daytime and discharging in the evening and,
in higher solar scenarios, early morning. However, the ratio between solar and storage capacity varied significantly across scenarios, suggesting that careful analysis is needed to determine the most economic levels of storage to pair with investments in solar. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style="margin:0in"><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Figure shows daily average real-time dispatch in the base PV base storage and high PV high storage scenarios for the Southeast region. The growing space between
the dotted line (load) and solid line (load plus storage charge) illustrates the scale at which solar PV was stored and time shifted to evenings and mornings in the high solar high storage scenario.</span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><b><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Onshore wind was an important resource for achieving higher levels of CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions</span></i></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">.
When CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions reached 75% to 80% relative to 2022 levels, solar generation in the Southeast study region began to saturate, meaning that additional reductions in solar and storage costs in capacity expansion modeling (resource portfolio
development) did not lead to significant additions of new solar capacity. Beyond this point, onshore wind was the most cost-effective resource for reducing emissions in the region. More significant changes in expected solar and storage costs, different assumptions
about solar plant performance, limits on wind development and procurement, and changes in assumptions about load growth and load shapes would likely change the level at which solar saturates. Nevertheless, it would be beneficial to explore onshore wind availability
within the Southeast region and the feasibility of out-of-state wind procurement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">The authors of the report are Fritz Kahrl, Jennie Jorgenson, Lawryn Kiboma,
</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">James Kim,
</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#090C0F">Dev Millstein, Brian Sergi, and Natalie Mims Frick. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office supported this work. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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